Taxonomy Based modeling was applied to describe drivers’ mental models of variable message signs (VMS’s) displayed on expressways. Progress in road telematics has made it possible to introduce variable message signs (VMS’s). Sensors embedded in the carriageway every 500m record certain variables (speed, flow rate, etc.) that are transformed in real time into “driving times” to a given destination if road conditions do not change. VMS systems are auto-regulative Man-Machine (AMMI) systems which incorporate a model of the user: if the (...) traffic flow is too high, then drivers should choose alternative routes. In so doing, the traffic flow should decrease. The model of the user is based on suppositions such as: people do not like to waste time, they fully understand the displayed messages, they trust the displayed values, they know of alternative routes. However, people also have a model of the way the system functions. And if they do not believe the contents of the message, they will not act as expected. (shrink)

Ectopeptidases are transmembrane proteins present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. Dysregulated expression of certain ectopeptidases in human malignancies suggests their value as clinical markers. Ectopeptidase interaction with agonistic antibodies or their inhibitors has revealed that these ectoenzymes are able to modulate bioactive peptide responses and to influence growth, apoptosis and differentiation, as well as adhesion and motility, all functions involved in normal and tumoral processes. There is evidence that ectopeptidase-mediated signal transduction frequently involves tyrosine phosphorylation. Combined (...) analyses of gene organization and regulation of ectopeptidases by various physiological factors have provided insights into their structure–function relationships. Understanding the roles of ectopeptidases in pathophysiology may have implications in considering them as therapeutic targets. BioEssays 23:251–260, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

Monetary intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the dark side of monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics—dishonesty. Dishonesty, a risky prospect, involves cost–benefit analysis of self-interest. We frame good or bad barrels in the environmental context as a proxy of high or low probability of getting caught for dishonesty, respectively. We theorize: The magnitude and intensity of (...) the relationship between love of money and dishonest prospect may reveal how individuals frame dishonesty in the context of two levels of subjective norm—perceived corporate ethical values at the micro-level and Corruption Perceptions Index at the macro-level, collected from multiple sources. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, our cross-level three-way interaction effect illustrates: As expected, managers in good barrels, mixed barrels, and bad barrels display low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively. With high CEV, the intensity is the same across cultures. With low CEV, the intensity of dishonesty is the highest in high CPI entities —the Enron Effect, but the lowest in low CPI entities. CPI has a strong impact on the magnitude of dishonesty, whereas CEV has a strong impact on the intensity of dishonesty. We demonstrate dishonesty in light of monetary values and two frames of social norm, revealing critical implications to the field of behavioral economics and business ethics. (shrink)

Constitution d’un grand corpus d’écrits émergents et novices : principes et méthodes Cette contribution propose une réflexion sur la construction d’un vaste corpus d’écrits qui permet d’approfondir notre compréhension des processus en jeu dans l’accès à la littératie dans sa diversité, au travers de la pluralité des genres et des types discursifs qui la constituent et chez des apprenants de profils divers : enfants/adultes, langue 1 / langue 2, entendants/sourds. La réflexion sur la mise en place de ce corpus s’inscrit (...) dans une perspective fonctionnaliste et énonciative et fait fond sur deux ensembles théoriques complémentaires. Du point de vue de l’acquisition des langues, nous souscrivons à la conception selon laquelle les productions d’apprenants ne constituent pas une déviance par rapport à la norme mais sont des manifestations (idiolectales) de systèmes linguistiques per se dont il s’agit de dégager les normes propres. Du point de vue de la littératie, nous nous inscrivons dans la tradition des travaux, d’inspiration bakhtinienne, qui considèrent l’hétérogénéité comme constitutive de toute production verbale. Ainsi, nous expliquons et justifions nos choix en matière de profils d’apprenants et de tâches rédactionnelles, en relation avec la perspective théorique adoptée, ainsi que les options retenues en matière d’outillage du corpus. (shrink)

Monetary Intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the bright side of Monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics, frames money attitude in the context of pay and life satisfaction, and controls money at the macro-level and micro-level. We theorize: Managers with low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior will have high subjective well-being: pay satisfaction and (...) quality of life. Data collected from 6586 managers in 32 cultures across six continents support our theory. Interestingly, GDP per capita is related to life satisfaction, but not to pay satisfaction. Individual income is related to both life and pay satisfaction. Neither GDP nor income is related to Happiness. Our theoretical model across three GDP groups offers new discoveries: In high GDP entities, “high income” not only reduces aspirations—“Rich, Motivator, and Power,” but also promotes stewardship behavior—“Budget, Give/Donate, and Contribute” and appreciation of “Achievement.” After controlling income, we demonstrate the bright side of Monetary Intelligence: Low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior define Monetary Intelligence. “Good apples enjoy good quality of life in good barrels.” This notion adds another explanation to managers’ low magnitude of dishonesty in entities with high Corruption Perceptions Index. In low GDP entities, high income is related to poor Budgeting skills and escalated Happiness. These managers experience equal satisfaction with pay and life. We add a new vocabulary to the conversation of monetary intelligence, income, GDP, happiness, subjective well-being, good and bad apples and barrels, corruption, and behavioral ethics. (shrink)

Corruption involves greed, money, and risky decision-making. We explore the love of money, pay satisfaction, probability of risk, and dishonesty across cultures. Avaricious monetary aspiration breeds unethicality. Prospect theory frames decisions in the gains-losses domain and high-low probability. Pay dissatisfaction (in the losses domain) incites dishonesty in the name of justice at the individual level. The Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, signals a high-low probability of getting caught for dishonesty at the country level. We theorize that decision-makers adopt avaricious love-of-money aspiration (...) as a lens and frame dishonesty in the gains-losses domain (pay satisfaction-dissatisfaction, Level 1) and high-low probability (CPI, Level 2) to maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity. We challenge the myth: Pay satisfaction mitigates dishonesty across nations consistently. Based on 6500 managers in 32 countries, our cross-level three-dimensional visualization offers the following discoveries. Under high aspiration conditions, pay dissatisfaction excites the highest- (third-highest) avaricious justice-seeking dishonesty in high (medium) CPI nations, supporting the certainty effect. However, pay satisfaction provokes the second-highest avaricious opportunity-seizing dishonesty in low CPI entities, sustaining the possibility effect—maximizing expected utility. Under low aspiration conditions, high pay satisfaction consistently leads to low dishonesty, demonstrating risk aversion—achieving ultimate serenity. We expand prospect theory from a micro and individual-level theory to a cross-level theory of monetary wisdom across 32 nations. We enhance the S-shaped Curve to three 3-D corruption surfaces across three levels of the global economic pyramid, providing novel insights into behavioral economics, business ethics, the environment, and responsibility. (shrink)

A psicoterapia domiciliar é uma prática pouco conhecida que, entretanto, adquire importância junto a pacientes com dificuldade de locomoção ou com presença de patologias que dificultem o acesso à hospitais/ clínicas. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos sobre o tema, este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória sobre o atendimento psicológico domiciliar, realizado com 21 psicólogos da cidade de Curitiba (PR). O objetivo foi identificar o tipo de clientela atendida, quais as abordagens e quais as principais vantagens (...) e desvantagens relacionadas a esse tipo de atendimento. Identificou-se que essa modalidade é mais cômoda para o cliente, mas nem sempre para o profissional. Há predominância de algumas vantagens na psicoterapia realizada em domicílio como manutenção do vínculo terapêutico, maior acesso a informações importantes advindas da observação do ambiente e dos comportamentos espontâneos devido à familiaridade do paciente com o ambiente, o que possibilita novas referências para análise diagnóstica. (shrink)

Brigitte Bourgeois and Philippe Jockey Gold and Marble: the Gilded Hellenistic Sculptures of Delos p. 331-349 The investigation we are conducting on the polychromy of the Hellenistic sculptures of Delos has enabled us to add to the corpus of gilded marble works and to refine the typology. A visual examination of the sculptures through a video-microscope, combined with an analysis of the remains isolated by this means under X-fluorescence, has revealed the existence of three large types of gold leaf (...) gilding on marble at Delos in around 100 BC: totally gilded statues, works on which the gilding forms only an added colouring to the general polychromy, and works that we propose to call "chrysochromes", which present a singularity not hitherto recognised of a very bright polychromy on the clothed parts associated with gold on the nude parts. Among the number of important results of this enquiry may be counted the revelation of the overall gilding on the Delian copy in the National Museum at Athens of the Polyclitus Diadumenus, carved and gilded in imitation of a gilt bronze or even a gold statue. Such a use of gold leaf gilding on the Delos marbles calls in any case for a reconsideration of the question of the reception in antiquity of such works, as well as of such a success of gold at Delos and no doubt elsewhere in the Greek world in the same period. (shrink)

Le travail avec les familles ayant une histoire en lien avec la migration nécessite une réflexion et une écoute adaptées. Dans ce contexte a été pensé un dispositif thérapeutique au sein d’un centre médico-psychopédagogique pour accueillir et prendre en compte l’origine culturelle ainsi que la situation transculturelle de ces familles. Cet article relate l’expérience clinique d’une mère et de son enfant autour de contes issus de la tradition orale du Maghreb dans le cadre d’un atelier rassemblant des dyades mères-enfants. Le (...) dispositif a pu restaurer le lien symbolique et dyadique, activer une autorisation à apprendre. La remobilisation des représentations culturelles au travers du conte a joué un rôle essentiel dans la renarcissisation à un niveau individuel pour une (re)construction identitaire. (shrink)

Grace de Laguna was a philosopher working in the first part of the twentieth century on analytic and speculative philosophy, as well as on the psychology and philosophy of language, especially the social function of language. Joel Katzav’s lead essay focuses mainly on the former part of her work, while my commentary focuses mostly on the latter. Katzav shows how her work played a role in the development of analytic philosophy, I try to show how her work played a role (...) in the development of pragmatic linguistics, whose development overlapped with some aspects of analytic philosophy. I situate it in the context of an emerging ‘pragmatic Weltanschauung’ that was embraced by many working in linguistics, philology, philosophy, psychology, anthropology and what would later be called linguistic pragmatics. (shrink)

The concept of self is imbedded in the psychoanalytic theory of object relations. The theory of object relations poses the question of the constitution of the person’s inner life or ‘representational world’. It will be discussed, in what respect the concept of self serves the description of dependency relations, in which the psychic relations of the person to the social and cultural reality are expressed. The significance of the concept of self lies in the explicative role it takes in the (...) portrayal of the individual’s developing participation in human community. (shrink)

Paris a connu au xixe siècle une héroïsation la haussant au rang d’une Babylone ou Babel moderne. Le mur des fermiers généraux, qui enserra Paris jusqu’en 1860, doubla pendant quelques années les fortifications de Thiers, achevées en 1844 et détruites dans les années 1920, contribuant à la perception de la ville comme cocon, puis joyau protégé par son écrin. À l’époque du « Grand Paris », la « reine des cités » balzacienne, aujourd’hui cernée par le boulevard périphérique, restera le (...) cœur incontestable de la capitale future : ne conserve-t-elle pas intactes l’harmonie urbaine et l’aura culturelle façonnées en son siècle d’or?Paris in the 19th century was the theatre of a trend in urban planning that sought to elevate the city to the heroic status of a modern Babylon or Babel. The city wall erected by the “ fermiers généraux” , which enclosed Paris until 1860, was reinforced for a time by the fortifications completed by Thiers in 1844 and pulled down in the 1920s, thus strengthening perceptions of the city as a cocoon, and later a jewel nestling within its protective casket. Balzac’s “queen of cities”, the Grand Paris now encircled by the ring road, was necessarily the heart of the future capital: had it not preserved the essence of the urban harmony and cultural aura that took shape during its golden era? (shrink)

In the De cognitione angelorum and then in the Ordinatio, Gilles of Rome dedicates long chapters to angelic language. His starting point is a question from Thomas Aquinas about the “secrets of hearts” : they can only be known through corporeal signs, which unwillingly manifest them. Gilles uses Thomas’s postulate that the acts of will are not visible to others, to reject his definition of speaking as a thought voluntarily conveyed to others, and generalizes from his answer: thoughts need to (...) be made manifest through a sign. He develops a theory describing the different types of signs according to their addressees, and analyses them according to several criteria. In particular, from a careful analysis of the signs used by men, Gilles wonders whether the different types of signs used both by men and angels are natural or voluntary, from the point of view of both their composition and their meaning, basing his questioning on the reflections on language and signs in his earlier philosophical commentaries. This insistence on the need for signs will lead Gilles to give different answers to the classic questions about the difference between thought and language, the possibility of addressing a particular angel, and lying. (shrink)

En envisageant la communication dans une perspective anthropologique, Dell Hathaway Hymes a introduit le langage en acte - verbal et non verbal - au coeur de l'analyse sociolinguistique. L'étude du langage qu'il a développée va évoluer d'une « ethnographie de la parole » vers une ethnographie de la communication, ouvrant la voie à une pragmatique et à une anthropologie communicationnelle.Considering the communication from an anthropological perspective, Dell Hathaway Hymes has introduced the language act - verbal and nonverbal - in the (...) heart of sociolinguistic analysis. The study of language he has developed will develop an "ethnography of speaking" to an ethnography of communication, opening the way to a pragmatic and communicative anthropology. (shrink)

Cette contribution est centrée sur l'analyse d'une pratique éditoriale, illustrée par le parcours récent de l'Encyclopædia Universalis dans la conception de dispositifs informatisés de diffusion de connaissances. Il s'agit d'étudier les conditions d'appropriation techniques et cognitives faites aux lecteurs-utilisateurs confrontés à des environnements sophistiqués et à des interfaces hypermédias de lecture-écriture. La « culture de l'information » est utilisée pour identifier un modèle informationnel du sujet, induit par les évolutions de la technique et par les dispositifs de communication qui sont (...) proposés.This contribution focuses on the analysis of an editorial practice, illustrated by the recent approach of the Encyclopaedia Universalis to computerized systems of knowledge dissemination. The purpose is to study the conditions of technical and cognitive appropriation created for readers/users in their confrontation with sophisticated systems and hypermedia reading/writing interfaces. Information literacy is used to identify an informational model of the individual concerned, induced by the technical evolutions and the communication systems that are presented. (shrink)

Walter Benjamin, der Traum und das Bild des Weiblichen Geschichtsphilosophie aus gendertheoretischer Perspektive. 0Karin Stögner: 0Beschädigtes Leben und antisemitische „Schiefheilung". Freud und Adorno revisited.0Ljiljana Radonic: 0Autonomie versus Engagement? Über Adorno und Brecht. 0Gerhard Scheit: 0„Une promesse de bonheur". Herbert Marcuses „Über den affirmativen Charakter der Kultur".0Daniela Berner und Florian Wagner: 0Gebrochene Geschichte, Bedrängte Gegenwart. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines fremdgestellten Blicks 0auf die nationalsozialistische Vergangenheit im Film. 0Tobias Ebbrecht-Hartmann: 0Das drastische Medium. Über Adornos Kritik des Films. 0Christoph Hesse: 0Träumerinnen im Wachen. (...) Die „Kollektivträume" der Comics und die Kritische Theorie. 0Barbara Eder : 0Verehrte Unsichtbare!"0Über die Kunst des Hörens bei Walter Benjamin und Theodor W. Adorno 0Christine Ehardt: 0Exkursion 0Shopping Mall, mit Walter Benjamin u.a. 0Anette Baldauf : 0Zum Einbruch des.Realen' in die Gegenwart 0Eingedenken, Erinnern, Katharsis 0Sara Vorwalder und Veronika Zangl : 0„Alles wirklich Brauchbare besteht in Aushilfen". Zwei Lektüren zu Oskar Negt und Alexander Kluges Geschichte und Eigensinn 0Valentin Mertes und Michael Paninski : 0„Die Nord-West-Passage der Revolution" 0Herrschaftsverhältnisse und die situationistische Kartographierung 0der Stadtlandschaft 0Brigitte Marschall: 0. (shrink)

Roger Bacon’s De signis is a major contribution to the history of semantics. However, we know from the author's summary given in the Opus tertium that it has come down to us in an incomplete form. It belongs to the third part of Bacon’s Opus maius, devoted to the “knowledge of languages”. The three sections of the summary in the Opus tertium enable us to understand its organization. The first section presents various arguments in favor of knowledge of languages. The (...) major part of the second section of the summary is related to the “power of words”, which was originally present in the section on mathematics and magic. The third section is not present is the edition of Opus maius III: it was devoted to the study of signs and signification, which corresponds to the De signis, and circulated independently, and to its application to theology, a section that has not been found. Just as the late Compendium studii theologiae, the De signis offers an original treatment of semantic and linguistic questions which are fully embedded in the sophisticated debates that took place in the faculties of arts in Paris and Oxford during the second half of the 13th century. Bacon’s linguistic analysis can be equally relevant for the study of the Bible and theology. (shrink)

Die Arbeit untersucht die auflagenstärkste und international bekannteste deutsche Zeitung des 18. Jahrhunderts, die "Staats- und Gelehrte Zeitung des Hamburgischen unpartheyischen Correspondenten", mit dem Ziel, ihre Rolle als Instrument der Aufklärung zu analysieren. Basis der Studie sind als regelmäßige Stichprobe die Jahrgänge 1731, 1741,..., 1781. Auf einen ersten Teil, der sich mit der Unternehmensgeschichte der Zeitung, ihrer Konzeption sowie den Prinzipien der 'unpartheylichen' Nachrichtenmeldung in der politischen Berichterstattung und der 'unpartheylichen' Kritik in den Rezensionen des "Hamburgischen Correspondenten" beschäftigt, folgt ein (...) zweiter inhaltsanalytischer Teil. Dort liegt das Interesse nicht primär auf der Rezeption bestimmter Ereignisse oder Schriften, die von der Forschung als 'Meilensteine' der Aufklärungsbewegung ausgemacht wurden. Vielmehr werden in fünf zentralen Themenbereichen (Wissenschaftsverständnis, Literaturkritik, Rezeption staatswissenschaftlicher und ökonomischer Theorieelemente, bürgerliches Selbstverständnis, Frauenbild) für die Aufklärung typische Argumentationsmuster und Werte nachgewiesen, die den Zeitungslesern durch wiederholte Lektüre so vertraut werden mußten, daß sie ihre Weltanschauung im Sinne der Aufklärung beeinflussen konnten. (shrink)

«Color siderum ». Η χρύσωσις των ελληνικών πήλινων ειδωλίων κατά την ελληνιστική και ρωμαϊκή εποχή. Η έρευνα που διεξάγεται εδώ και δεκαπέντε χρόνια στο Μουσείο του Λούβρου σχετικά με την πολυχρωμία των ελληνικών πήλινων ειδωλίων επικεντρώθηκε στη μελέτη της τεχνικής της χρύσωσης. Το άρθρο πραγματεύεται ένα σύνολο είκοσι ειδωλίων, που χρονολογούνται από τον 4ο αι. π. Χ. έως το 2ο αι. μ. Χ. και προέρχονται κυρίως από την ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα (Αττική, Βοιωτία) και τη Μικρά Ασία. Γίνεται προσπάθεια, μέσω της εξέτασης (...) των επιφανειακών υπολειμμάτων μετάλλου, να αναγνωριστεί το μέρος της δουλειάς που αναλογεί στο ζωγράφο και/ ή στον επιχρυσωτή. Η ξέταση με βιντεομικροσκόπιο και η μη καταστροφική σωματιδιακή και δομική ανάλυση του φύλλου χρυσού, των στρωμάτων της βάσης και της προετοιμασίας οδηγούν στην αποκατάσταση των βημάτων της διαδικασίας της χρύσωσης και στην αναγνώριση της υψηλής εξειδίκευσης των εργατών. Η μελέτη αυτή επιτρέπει την επανεξέταση της σημασίας των έργων. (shrink)

L'élargissement des pratiques professionnelles d'information dépasse le cadre étroit que beaucoup assignent à la documentation. L'approche informationnelle requiert de convoquer les sciences de gestion et la sociologie du travail. L'auteur s'interroge sur la démarche spécifique des sciences de l'information, en proposant une « approche par le document » et une approche « système d'information ».The information environment and its professional practices enlarge the restricted definition of an information spécialist. The gradual change in multifaceted information sciences needs to be acknowledged as (...) these science may make a significant contribution by way of a “document approach” and and "information system” approach. (shrink)

Welche Erkenntnisse bietet Michel Foucaults Ansatz der Gouvernementalität für eine politische Theorie, die Geschlecht als zentrale Kategorie setzt? In diesem Band werden Grundbegriffe aus Foucaults Spätwerk aus feministischer Sicht beleuchtet, z.B. Gouvernementalität, Macht, Staat, Subjekt, Sicherheit, Wissen und Kritik. Diese Re-Lektüre möchte zum einen Foucaults Ansatz geschlechtertheoretisch weiterentwickeln und vertiefen, zum anderen Anstöße für eine politische Theoretisierung von Geschlecht geben.

The massive increase of data generated by heterogeneous sources requires the development of computer tools enabling their semantic interoperability. Applied ontologies aim at fulfilling such needs. We will show in this article the central role that philosophical ontology can play for applied ontology, with a focus on biomedical ontologies; and reciprocally, how applied ontology can enlighten some classical issues in philosophical ontology, by considering the following question: Is disease a natural kind?

Rapprocher Facebook du Kula mélanésien, un système archaïque d’échanges intertribaux décrit par Marcel Mauss, permet de souligner la capacité de la plateforme phare du Web 2.0 à répondre à des besoins socioculturels anthropologiquement attestés. Tous deux obéissent à une contrainte implicite de réciprocité qui, au-delà du contenu matériel des échanges, possède une fonction symbolique : les interactions mises en œuvre et la recherche de partenaires traduisent une quête de prestige, de mana selon le fameux terme chinook. Le Kula et les (...) murs de Facebook offrent une immense vitrine où chacun valorise son mana et scrute celui d’autrui tout en cherchant de nouveaux partenaires. Mobiliser le Kula tel un modèle de Simmel – un schème d’intelligibilité – indique l’ancienneté de ces traits culturels : la combinaison des dimensions matérielle et symbolique dans les échanges entre pairs et, en l’absence d’instance régulatrice, le risque lié à l’emballement de ce processus inévitablement concurrentiel.Our comparison between Facebook and Melanesia’s Kula, an archaic system of inter-tribal exchanges described by Marcel Mauss, has highlighted the ability of the flagship Web 2.0 platform to respond to anthropologically verified socio-cultural needs. Both systems obey an implicit demand for reciprocity, which, over and above the actual content of exchanges, has a symbolic function: the interactions at play and the search for partners reflect a quest for prestige, or mana as it is famously known in Chinook. Kula and Facebook’s walls are a gigantic shop window where anyone can show off their mana and look at other people’s, while also seeking out other partners. The use of the Kula as described by Simmel – as a model of intelligibility – suggests the ancient roots of these cultural traits: the combination of material and symbolic dimensions in exchanges between peers and, if there is no regulating authority, the risk that this inevitably competitive process may run out of control. (shrink)